1 Farthing 1792

Weight

5.4 g

Diameter

21 mm

Thickness

NA

Material

Copper

Shape

Round

Edge Type

Plain with lettering

Technique

Milled

Front design

Bare headed and draped bust in profile of John Howard to left. Lettering around, beaded border

Back design

Date above a central monogrammed HH cypher in ornamental script. Lettering around, beaded border

Year of Minting

1792

Ruler

NA

Mint location

NA

Mint mark

NA

Orientation

Coin alignment ↑↓

Inscriptions

Obverse: IOHN HOWARD · F · R · S Reverse: PROMISSORY FARTHING · BIRMINGHAM 1792 H H

Context

Scarce Henry Hickman’s Birmingham (Warwickshire) copper Conder farthing token dated 1792. Issued by Henry Hickman, a wholesale and retail dealer in sheet, bar and rod iron - with a business at 3, Edgbaston Street, Birmingham. Hickman is also recorded as a die-sinker and toolmaker in Wrightson’s triennial Birmingham directory, 1818. The token was probably manufactured by William Mainwaring who worked as a diesinker for William Lutwyche at the latter's works in Birmingham, but Hickman himself, given his profession, may have been involved in creating the dies. William Mainwaring died in 1794. John Howard (a philanthropist, 2 September 1726 - 20 January 1790), in whose name this token was issued, was an expert in prisons and published the book 'The State of the Prisons in England & Wales' in 1777. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in May 1756. In 1758, Howard married Henrietta Leeds who died in 1765, a week after giving birth to a son, also named John. He was appointed High Sheriff of Bedfordshire in 1773, initially for a one-year period. His final journey took him into Eastern Europe, and into Crimea. Whilst at Kherson, in what is now Ukraine, Howard contracted typhus on a prison visit and died, aged sixty-three. For a ten-year period extending from 1787-1797 almost the only “coins” in circulation in Britain were the Provincial, or “Conder” tokens. As they were designed and manufactured by the public, they were not limited by any rules or regulations. Taken as a group, the tokens form a history of a people in a way never seen before - or since. Through them, we can look in on life in late 18th century Britain. We can see how they lived and thought through their commerce, politics, advertising, and even view their architecture. Avidly collected at the time of their issue, many of these tokens survive in wonderful condition, pieces of history that can be held in the hand. Collectors today find them perhaps even more fascinating than they did years ago. The study of these tokens has proven to be rewarding to many, and the stories behind the tokens and the era are exciting to discover.

Rarity

Ultra rare

Coin type

Merchant tokens

In circulation

No

Demonetized

Yes

Marketplace listings

0